), Harappan Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. [a] Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia , it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the ⦠By 2002, over 1,000 Mature Harappan cities and settlements had been reported, of which just under a hundred had been excavated, However, there are only 5 major urban sites: Harappa, Mohenjo-daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Dholavira, Ganeriwala in Cholistan, and Rakhigarhi. Evidence point to a clear cause behind the end of Harappan Civilization. Harappan Civilization or Indus Valley Civilization| Features, Geography, Major Sites, Cities, Granary, Drainage System, Pottery. According to archaeological evidence, the Indus Valley culture existed at the site from the proto-Harappan age (3500 BC â 2500 BC) to the Harappan age (2500 BC â 1750 BC). There is evidence that by around 1800 BC most of the Mature Harappan sites in regions such as Cholistan had been abandoned. Decline and survival of Indus Valley Civilisation Decline had set in at Mohenjodaro by 2200 BCE and the settlement had come to an end by 2000 BCE. Simultaneously, there was an expansion of population into new settlements in Gujarat, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. But towards the beginning of the II millennium BCE, a drastic change is writ large all over the Harappan zone. The regions where Harappan Civilization flourished include Punjab province of India-Pakistan, Cholistan and Sind province of Pakistan, southeastern parts of ⦠The Harappan cultural tradition, both in its diversity and uniformity, continued for a long time and probably laid the basic substratum of the present day Indian Civilization. The Harappan civilization once thrived some several thousand years ago in the Indus Valley. [10] Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as ⦠The Indus-Sarasvati or Harappan civilization is one of the largest civilizations of the Ancient world. Agriculture ⢠Representations on seals and terracotta sculpture indicate that bull was known ⢠Oxen used to plough field ⢠Models of plough found â Cholistan and Banawali (Haryana) sites ⢠Evidence of a ploughed field at Kalibangan (Rajasthan) 20. It was thickly populated during proto-historic period and the present study is spatio-temporal analysis of settlements of Early, Mature and Late Harappan periods (3200 B.C. It rose in the Himalayas, entered the plains in Haryana, flowed through the Thar-Cholistan Desert of Rajasthan. Extending over more than 386,000 square miles across the plains of the Indus from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges. 1) and largely depended on river water for agriculture ().The Harappans settled the Indus plain over a territory larger than the contemporary extent of Egypt and Mesopotamia combined (Figs. Located in what's now Pakistan and western India, it was the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. Afterwards, the culture began to decline. ... Ganeriwala in Cholistan ⦠1800 BC (Late Harappan or Post-Urban Harappan): Harappan civilization but still marked by regional traditions. In the fourth millennium BC, Cholistan was a prosperous fertile land watered by Hakra River and populated by people of Indus Civilization (Farooq et ⦠85-94) Further excavations in Cholistan and other sites which dot all across the regions where this lost river had flowed have brought to light that what has been ⦠Recent Archaeological Research in the Cholistan Desert. 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