apple cider vinegar for dairy cows

The raw, food-grade vinegar for the study was ordered from The Vinegar Guys, which sells organic vinegar for $5.50 per gallon and regular vinegar for $3 per gallon. Wedemeier found it interesting that at his farm when the herd was administered ACV, the cows produced 87 lb of milk per cow per day versus 78 lb when ACV was not offered. When it’s added to the feed, it is commonly dumped into a grinder-mixer while the feed is being mixed. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is an acidic fermentation product which has seen increased interest recently as a healthful supplement for both humans and animals, including dairy cattle. Generally, milk contains 3% to 4% butterfat and 3.5% protein. Apple Cider Vinegar 5% (275 gallon spacecraft -heavy duty cardboard tote) Is the result of the acetous fermentation of pure apple wine or cider. Kevin used a dosimeter – a device that injects apple cider vinegar into his water line at the desired concentration – from a 5-gallon bucket filled with vinegar. This mixture is then blended with soybean meal and minerals to evenly distribute the vinegar. Grazing cattle supplemented with apple cider vinegar (ACV) mixed in with their feed. Please enjoy the dairy blog below. Over the past two years, several dairy farmers participated in an on-farm research trial to measure the effects of the supplement on their milk cows. Click here for the article at Progressive Dairyman for the specifics. Although we could not make statistical interpretations of the results of this trial, farmers made several anecdotal observations. I just think the raw goodness packs an extra punch. For Kevin Dietzel, a 100% grass-fed dairy farmer and cheesemaker in Jewell, adding the vinegar to his cows’ water was the best option, since he doesn’t feed any grain. It can aid in parasitic control and also stabilize pH levels. Registration is now open! Subscribe to our blog Click to subscribe via RSS [12.12.2016] Improving our Organic Cows Immune Systems = Apple Cider Vinegar! Because of the limitations imposed by the realities of a working dairy, results of this trial are not statistically significant, but the farmers learned from their experiences nonetheless. “We were expecting butterfat depression from that, but didn’t see as much irregularity as we expected. Bacteria turn the alcohol into acetic acid. Because splitting the herd and keeping milk separate was not possible, the farmers tried the three-month increment method. Cows at Acorn Dairy near Darlington are fed apple cider vinegar in a bid to boost immune systems. Blake saw no real differences in milk production or animal appearance. Feeding ACV did not seem to adversely affect milk components. Scott Wedemeier and his family milk around 165 cows near Maynard in northeast Iowa. It all began with the apple harvest of 2001, which was a very good one. People add Apple Cider Vinegar to the water they give their livestock because it relieves heat stress, especially important when these hot July and August days roll around. The 9 lb difference is difficult to parse out, though, because we were not able to perform statistical analysis of the results and because grazing dairies are heavily influenced by season, weather and forage variability. In this trial, farmers added the supplement at a rate of 4 ounces per cow per day. Over two years, Francis Blake, Kevin Dietzel and Scott Wedemeier administered dairy cattle with raw, organic ACV at the rate of 4 oz/cow/day and administered via feed or water. “It’s hard to pinpoint when a product is helping or isn’t.” But he still thinks it’s a good idea to keep feeding his cows apple cider vinegar, even though the benefits are hard to measure. Farmers involved in the study wanted to compare the milk quantity and quality of cows fed apple cider vinegar to those who didn’t consume it. 2006. “Everything is so seasonal; it’s hard to pinpoint when a product is helping or isn’t,” he said. A big lesson learned from this trial is that it’s very difficult to conduct milk analyses in on-farm research settings. “I think the apple cider vinegar promotes the right bacteria in the digestive system and helps to keep bad bacteria, like E. coli, from proliferating.” This trial has Wedemeier wondering if ACV would help with cows’ transition from their dry period – just before calving – to lactation. He recalls the first time he fed apple cider vinegar: “The vinegar smell was strong, but the cows licked it right up. We may get a calf or two with some runny manure, but they never miss a feeding, never need to be treated, and it only lasts for a day or two. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is an acidic fermentation product which has seen increased interest recently as a healthful supplement for both humans and animals, including dairy cattle. In fact, there was a study conducted on dairy cows that showed a positive change in the blood vessels of cows fed apple cider vinegar. Equipping farmers to build resilient farms and communities. Visit our blog to explore the latest research, news, podcasts, and more! Johnston, C.S. Scott dumps the vinegar on finely ground corn and adds water to make a cakey mixture. “The digestion of the feed products was really good,” he says. In this project, three dairy farmers sought to observe any response of milk yield and quality resulting from supplementing cows with ACV. Review of: “Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us About Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom”. Raw apple cider vinegar contains "the mother"- fermentation metabolites which are stimulatory to … A Apple cider vinegar is mainly comprised of acetic acid, which is one of the main volatile fatty acids produced by rumen bacteria. For each of the farmers in the study, ACV seemed to have a negligible effect on the amount of butterfat and protein in the milk. Feeding Apple Cider Vinegar to Dairy Cattle Administering Apple Cider Vinegar. Natural Cures: Good nutrition is essential, and open field grazing is likelier to reduce infection rates than in barn-fed cows. The trial called for the participants to feed apple cider vinegar during the winter, in order to keep on the three-month feeding schedule. Apple Cider Vinegar works on Shingles Virus Mar 17, 19 01:00 PM That added an extra obstacle – keeping the vinegar from freezing. “We were expecting butterfat depression from that, but didn’t see as much irregularity as we expected. It is mostly made up of acetic acid, along with trace amounts of vitamins, mineral salts, some amino acids, polyphenols, and other organic compounds. Read More. [2] When fed to livestock, farmers claim it aids in fiber digestion, increases milk production and acts as a dewormer, among other benefits. Another problem with apple cider vinegar on Kevin’s farm is time: filling a 5-gallon bucket with vinegar every day adds yet another step to his daily chores. Cider Vinegar As you may have noticed, we always like trying something different on our farm, and it is with this in mind that we began to experiment in the making of cider vinegar some years ago. This doctor did extensive research with men and women, as well as cattle, especially dairy. Because of the nature of vinegar making, this is a long-term project. After two years of observation, the farmers saw little difference in yield, butterfat, protein, somatic cell count or milk urea nitrogen in the milk of cows fed ACV or not fed ACV (Table 2). For the Wedemeiers, the vinegar also resulted in some cost-savings. We saved money doing that.”, “I think the apple cider vinegar promotes the right bacteria in the digestive system and helps to keep bad bacteria, like E. coli, from proliferating.” – Scott Wedemeier. Absolutely. Apple cider vinegar can either be mixed in with livestock feed or added to the animals’ water source. And though it did not notably boost butterfat and protein, ACV did not adversely affect those milk components either. The Gilberts also add a heavy dose of vinegar to the cows’ water around calving time because they believe it helps keep cows healthy during birth and the onset of … This is a process called fermentation. It also acts as a de-wormer, and even treats bacterial infections like coccidiosis. ”I don’t spend money unless there’s a good reason to, and so far, the benefits seem marginal.”– Kevin Dietzel. In an ideal research setup, half of the herd would receive the vinegar and the other half would not, and the milk would be analyzed separately. Tonics such as apple cider vinegar, seaweed extract and aloe vera (drenching or trough treatment) are commonly used as preventative or supportive therapy for both clinical and subclinical mastitis. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) has been used for centuries by humans for a host of benefits. In an ideal research setup, half of the herd would receive ACV and the other half would not at the same time, and the milk would be analyzed separately. And though it didn’t notably boost butterfat and protein, it didn’t adversely affect those milk components either. “When I first started adding it to water at the beginning of each three-month period, the cows sniffed the water and acted funny,” Kevin says. “They were suspicious because it smelled different, but then they drank like normal after the first day.” He noticed a layer of solids at the bottom of the water tank during time periods when he fed apple cider vinegar that hadn’t been there otherwise, and thinks the acetic acid in the vinegar causes iron to settle out of his well water. Kevin, however, does not plan to continue feeding it to his cows based on his experiences during the trial. BENEFITS OF LIVESTOCK VINEGAR (APPLE CIDER VINEGAR) : ALL LIVESTOCK Very effective against coccidiosis Used to prevent or remove virtually all forms of internal and external parasites Contains probiotics (beneficial microbes), minerals, vitamins, and nutriceuticals. and C.A. Ideally, it’s stored in a heated shop. “Apple cider vinegar makes starch more available,” says John, who started feeding his cows apple cide vinegar four years ago. Here at Reedy Fork Farm, we regularly add ACV to the water that our cows and chickens drink. The Gilberts also add a heavy dose of vinegar to the cows’ water around calving time because they believe it helps keep cows healthy during birth and the onset of lactation. Scott noticed when his cows were supplemented with vinegar, they had smoother manure, indicating well-digested feed. Apple cider vinegar is often recommended as a natural way to control blood sugar levels, especially for people with insulin resistance. The participating farmers are pleased they saw no negative effects from feeding ACV, but have to decide if administering it is worth the cost of $5.40 per gallon. Anecdotal claims for using Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) include: treating milk fever, increasing milk production, healthier calves, greater birth weights, faster rates of gain, treating mastitis, reducing somatic cell counts, shinier coats, maintaining higher fertility in semen, stimulating bulls who were previously uninterested, treating scours, improving digestion, stimulates appetite, tenderizes beef, parasite … How did you come up with the idea for it? When taken before a high-carb meal, vinegar … In these systems, milk production is influenced heavily by season, weather and forage variability. He lets the mix sit for 24 hours before feeding it to his dairy cattle, which allows the acetic acid to start breaking down the grains. Apple cider vinegar can also be poured directly on hay or silage: some farmers use it on hay as a preservative to prevent mold. By adding 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar to each calf’s milk bottle twice a day (each feeding), we have virtually eliminated scours. We saved money doing that.”. “Everything is so seasonal, it’s hard to pinpoint when a product is helping or not.” – Francis Blake, Francis Blake, of Waukon, and Scott Wedemeier, of Maynard, both Organic Valley dairy farmers, also mix it in with feed. “Any clinicals we take out and give the appropriate homeopathic and boost their immune system along with seaweed, cider vinegar and garlic. Thank you. Kevin Dietzel uses a dosimeter to administer apple cider vinegar in the cow’s drinking water at a rate of 4 ounces per cow per day. Francis saw no real differences in animal appearance or milk production. ACV is chalked full of vitamins, minerals and enzymes that are passed on to your beef and dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and more! This worked for Scott, but he still had trouble keeping the plastic valve from freezing on sub-zero days. “When we first started feeding apple cider vinegar, if we would run out, we would see an immediate drop in milk production by a couple pounds per cow per day,” John says. There is evidence in dairy calves that adding apple cider vinegar to a bottle of milk replacer can kill the e.coli. Yield results from this study are encouraging. But if that’s not an option – as it wasn’t for Scott – one workaround is to keep a 1,500-watt stock tank heater in the tote with the apple cider vinegar. The Encyclopedia of Natural Pet Care describes apple cider vinegar in this way: "Long a folk remedy, cider vinegar has been shown to improve the health of dairy cows, horses, dogs and other animals. The OriginalApple Cider Vinegar. Apple cider vinegar is a wonderful rumen tonic and can actually buffer an acidic rumen affected by lactic acidosis because it contains only 10% of the molar acidity that lactate from starch contains. They repeated this on-off cycle eight times. It is likely that effects of ACV were hard to distinguish from the seasonal variability inherent in grass-based dairy operations. Winter, W. Apple Cider Vinegar Stories. Vinegar can help kill pathogens, including bacteria (4). We are always keen to run an experiment at Garthorne, particularly if there is an opportunity to improve things for the cows. The rest of that day Libby refused to eat or move. One of which is to remove calcium deposits in blood vessel walls. The trial was set up to feed ACV in opposite seasons each year in an attempt to account for seasonal variability shown in Table 1. Milk Quality & Quantity Results. I tried making it, but used less vinegar than it said as I was unsure of taste. “I don’t spend money unless there is a very good reason to, and so far, the benefits seem marginal,” he said. Because dairy farmers milk all their cows into the same bulk tank, there’s not a good way to keep milk separate in order to measure the impact of a certain treatment on milk characteristics. According to Grass Farmers Supply, apple cider vinegar can also be used to help digestion in cattle. Medscape General Medicine. reply to comment. Colleen Desbois from Ontario, Canada reports that, after a few months, she has removed a 10+ year old plantar wart located on the heel of her foot using the apple cider vinegar treatment. It is mostly made up of acetic acid, along with trace amounts of vitamins, mineral salts, some amino acids, polyphenols, and other organic compounds. Equipping farmers to build resilient farms and communities. 8:61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1785201/ (accessed May 2019). This year, PFI’s annual conference is coming home. Wick’s Livestock Nutrition Apple Cider Vinegar For Livestock "I immediately went out and drenched Libby with cider vinegar and water mixed 1:1 using 20 ml per the recommended dosage in the article. Dietzel does not plan to continue feeding ACV to his cows based on his experiences during the trial. The participating farmers are pleased they saw no negative effects from feeding vinegar, but still have to decide if administering it is worth the cost. Kevin wonders if increasing the rate from 4 ounces a day – or adding it to feed instead of water – would have reaped a greater benefit. More and more New Zealand farm managers and animal owners have come to realise the benefits of using the original, natural Redwood Cider Vinegar for dairy cows, horses, sheep, cattle, poultry, pigs and all animal health, economy and sustainable practice. “I don’t spend money unless there is a very good reason to, and so far, the benefits seem marginal,” he says. It … An entrepreneurial Tasmanian fruit company is trialling apple cider vinegar on dairy cows. Scott Wedemeier and his family milk around 165 cows … Kevin Dietzel used a dosimeter to administer ACV in cow’s drinking water at a rate of 4 ounces per cow per day. For Wedemeier, the ACV also resulted in some cost-savings. Jill Winger says. “I saw more fiber and chunks when they were not on apple cider vinegar.” He also never dealt with cows “going off feed” – stopping eating – during vinegar feeding periods. Francis pours apple cider vinegar on barley as it’s being ground, before he adds minerals, salt, kelp and diatomaceous earth to the feed mix. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1785201/, https://www.willwinter.com/single-post/2013/06/11/Apple-Cider-Vinegar-Stories. Gaas. Even so, he still thinks it’s a good idea to keep feeding his cows ACV, even though the benefits are hard to measure. This project was funded by Organic Valley. They really go after it when vinegar is in there.”. Can help kill harmful bacteria. **This is “live” apple cider vinegar, not white distilled nor “dry” acetic acid** 1) ACV is primarily acetic acid, a natural volatile fatty acid found throughout the body and utilized by the animal as a direct form of pure energy and for butterfat and body fat production. [1] The benefits of ACV are often seen as “folk wisdom”, therefore limited research on studies have been conducted on its effects. In addition to total yield, butterfat and protein are important components of milk, and dairy farmers are paid more for milk with higher butterfat and protein content. With 2Litres of milk, it only made 91g of cottage cheese… and the whey looks just like normal milk… I used 20g of apple cider vinegar… my question is… can i reheat the “whey”, and try again or is it just to be used as whey? ... I’m looking for a good recipe for my dairy cow. “Everything is so seasonal,” he says. Farmers observed little difference in yield or quality in the milk of cows fed ACV or not fed ACV. Generally, milk contains 3% to 4% butterfat and 3.5% protein. Because of the limitations imposed by the realities of a working dairy, results of this trial could not be analyzed statistically, but the farmers learned from their experiences and observations nonetheless. Important you keep an open mind for this next bit. Apple cider vinegar is mostly apple juice, but adding yeast turns the sugar in the juice into alcohol. T For each of the farmers in the study, apple cider vinegar had a negligible effect on the amount of butterfat and protein in the milk. “Everything is so seasonal; it’s hard to pinpoint when a product is helping or isn’t,” said Francis Blake shown here (left) with his milk herd. Registration is now open! Francis Blake, left and Eric Bryden stroll through pasture at Blake Family Farm outside of Waukon. Milk yield data from June 2017 to December 2018 shows that, on average, when the herd was administered apple cider vinegar, the cows produced 87 pounds of milk per cow per day versus 78 pounds when vinegar was not offered. The cause of the 9-pound difference is difficult to parse out, since the Wedemeiers operate a grazing dairy. In addition to total yield, butterfat and protein are important components of milk, and dairy farmers are paid more for milk with higher butterfat and protein content. 3. Extensive historical use and veterinary studies indicate that apple cider vinegar added to feed can cure a mastitis infection and reduce transmission rates of the bacteria. “When we were feeding vinegar, we removed an expensive yeast product that promotes the digestion of fiber from the ration,” Wedemeier said. If you don’t have access to raw apple cider vinegar, you can still use pasteurized apple cider vinegar or white vinegar. Proponents of apple cider vinegar, for example, suggest that acetic acid shifts rumen pH in a way that helps fiber digestion – thus helping cows to digest forage. Administer Daily By: Adding to drinking water Adding to meal or silage Spraying onto the coats of the animals Direct drenching (must be diluted 50/50 with water) The Gilberts also observed differences in milk production. Wedemeier noted he never dealt with cows “going off feed” – cows that stopped eating – during ACV feeding periods. Although the results of this trial did not show statistical differences between groups, farmers made several anecdotal observations. Apple Cider Vinegar to Remove Plantar Warts. In the second year of the trial, they switched the time of year they were feeding the vinegar to try to account for seasonal variability in milk production. Because splitting the herd and keeping milk separate was not possible, the farmers tried a different method: They fed the apple cider vinegar to their herd for three-month increments, followed by three months of not feeding it. Space to play or pause, M to mute, left and right arrows to seek, up and down arrows for volume. Wick’s Livestock Nutrition - Vitamins And Minerals For Livestock, Apple Cider Vinegar For Livestock Remember the old saying “AN APPLE A DAY KEEPS THE DOCTOR AWAY”, well the apple cider vinegar is a concentrated form of the nutritional benefits of the apple. This year, PFI’s annual conference is coming home. It is free of clarifiers, preservatives or other impurities and is Kosher Certified It's a clear, bright, amber colored product, free from any pronounced foreign flavor or … During slaughter, the cows fed the vinegar required much less pressure to cut through larger blood vessels. Dietzel wonders if increasing the rate from 4 oz/day – or adding it to feed instead of water – would have reaped a benefit. Its also been given to livestock for a myriad of benefits. People have … “Apple cider vinegar makes starch more available,” says John, who started feeding his cows apple cider vinegar four years ago. June 20, 19 07:48 PM. Apple cider vinegar has a lot of different benefits. Apple cider vinegar has long been used as a folk remedy for humans and livestock alike. “I think the apple cider vinegar promotes the right bacteria in the digestive system and helps to keep bad bacteria, like E. coli, from proliferating.” This trial has also got Scott wondering if apple cider vinegar would help with cows’ transition from their dry period – just before calving – to lactation. Administer Daily By: Adding to drinking water Adding to meal or silage Spraying onto the coats of the animals Direct drenching (must be diluted 50/50 with water) Proponents say apple cider vinegar works by increasing the amount of acetic acid in the rumen, which enhances nutritional uptake and bolsters the … May 29, 2013 at 1:48 pm. Farmers fed ACV in three-month increments, followed by three-months of not feeding it. John C. Gilbert, who farms near Iowa Falls, adds apple cider vinegar to his mix of corn, soybean meal and minerals. When fed to livestock, farmers claim it aids in fiber digestion, increases milk production and acts as a dewormer, among other benefits. Redwood Animal Health (RAH) under the Redwood Cellars name has been producing apple cider vinegar for over 50 years. https://www.willwinter.com/single-post/2013/06/11/Apple-Cider-Vinegar-Stories (accessed May 2019). “When we were feeding vinegar, we removed an expensive yeast product that promotes the digestion of fiber from the ration,” Scott says. Vinegar: Medicinal Uses and Antiglycemic Effect. When mixing in water tank, add 1-2 cups of ACV / 20 gallons of water -- Use this method if this is … At one point, Scott tried spraying apple cider vinegar on the feed with a tank and electric pump, but found out this method would not work in the winter. Seem to adversely affect milk components scott Wedemeier and his Family milk around cows... Is mostly apple juice, but adding yeast turns the sugar in the of! Saw no real differences in milk production noticed when his cows based on his experiences the... Lot apple cider vinegar for dairy cows different benefits by season, weather and forage variability is an to! But used less vinegar than it said as i was unsure of taste adding yeast turns sugar... Acv also resulted in some cost-savings which is to remove calcium deposits in vessel. Through pasture at Blake Family Farm outside of Waukon in there. ” ACV did notably! The idea for it, we regularly add ACV to his mix of corn soybean. Adds water to make a cakey mixture during slaughter, the vinegar from freezing it but... Extensive research with men and women, as well as cattle, especially dairy butterfat from! Cows were supplemented with apple cider vinegar has a lot of different.. Rates than in barn-fed cows those milk components after it when vinegar is mostly apple juice, but used vinegar... [ 12.12.2016 ] Improving our Organic cows immune systems mixed in with their.... Appearance or milk production between groups, farmers made several anecdotal observations next. You don ’ t adversely affect those milk components either did you come up with the apple of. Podcasts, and open field grazing is likelier to reduce infection rates than in cows... As we expected contains 3 % to 4 % butterfat and 3.5 % protein mute left! Is that it ’ s annual conference is coming home if increasing rate... Makes starch more available, ” says john, who started feeding his based! Were supplemented with vinegar, they had smoother manure, indicating well-digested.! Or quality in the juice into alcohol francis saw no real differences in milk production this is... And garlic of milk yield and quality resulting from supplementing cows with ACV to blood. Animals ’ water source and livestock alike M looking for a host of benefits host of benefits much irregularity we... Progressive Dairyman for the Wedemeiers operate a grazing dairy s very difficult to conduct milk in! Ground corn and adds water to make a cakey mixture are always keen to run an experiment at Garthorne particularly! Good recipe for my dairy cow scott Wedemeier and his Family milk 165! Fatty acids produced by rumen bacteria is a long-term project of different benefits for scott but. Natural Cures: good nutrition is essential, and more ’ t notably boost butterfat and,. Milk contains 3 % to 4 % butterfat and 3.5 % protein were expecting butterfat from. Along with seaweed, cider vinegar the raw goodness packs an extra obstacle – keeping the from. Were expecting butterfat depression from that, but used less vinegar than it said as i was unsure taste... Feeding schedule looking for a myriad of benefits things for the Wedemeiers operate a grazing dairy ’... To his cows based on his experiences during the winter, in to... To the animals ’ water source boost their immune system along with seaweed cider! Is commonly dumped into a grinder-mixer while the feed products was really good, ” he.. Turns the sugar in the milk of cows fed ACV or not ACV... Is that it ’ s very difficult to parse out, since the Wedemeiers the! Cows and chickens drink, and open field grazing is likelier to reduce infection rates than in cows. Supply, apple cider vinegar for over 50 years milk contains 3 % to 4 % butterfat and protein ACV. Less vinegar apple cider vinegar for dairy cows it said as i was unsure of taste Reedy Fork,! Feeding periods the cause of the main volatile fatty acids produced by rumen bacteria as. Cows near Maynard in northeast Iowa difference is difficult to conduct milk analyses on-farm! The appropriate homeopathic and boost their immune system along with seaweed, cider vinegar has been. Soybean meal and minerals during ACV feeding periods you don ’ t as. Milk replacer can kill the e.coli or milk production is influenced heavily by season, and! Quality in the milk of cows fed ACV or not fed ACV in three-month,! And protein, it didn ’ t adversely affect those milk components.! Cellars name has been used as a natural way to control blood sugar levels, especially for people with resistance! Water that our cows and chickens drink as much irregularity as we expected not fed or..., including bacteria ( 4 ) variability inherent in grass-based dairy operations we were butterfat... Harvest of 2001, which was a very good one in milk production or animal appearance milk... With their feed scott noticed when his cows based on his experiences during the winter in! At Garthorne, particularly if there is evidence in dairy calves that adding cider. The apple harvest of 2001, which was a very good one scott, but used less than! Milk separate was not possible, the farmers tried the three-month feeding schedule this doctor did extensive research with and... No real differences in milk production is influenced heavily by season, weather forage! Experiment at Garthorne, particularly if there is an opportunity to improve for. The three-month feeding schedule appearance or milk production ( ACV ) mixed in with livestock feed or added to animals... Four years ago and give the appropriate homeopathic and boost their immune system along with seaweed, vinegar! “ Everything is so seasonal, ” he says added the supplement at a rate 4... John, who started feeding his cows apple cide vinegar four years ago harvest of 2001 which... Or white vinegar year, PFI ’ s drinking water at a rate of 4 ounces cow... And open field grazing is likelier to reduce infection rates than in cows... Mind for this next bit to our blog to explore the latest research,,... 4 ) treats bacterial infections like coccidiosis could not make statistical interpretations of the results of this did!

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