in locked as opposed to logged). Use few colors. I picked this one: “39 Things Newly Single People Say And What They Actually Mean.” I like it because it’s actually about English speakers looking at their own use of language. Meh. When people hear about linguistics, they often believe that linguists are very much like the character Henry Higgins in the play My Fair Lady, who expresses sentiments like in the following song, where he bemoans the the state of English and the lack of proper pronunciation: However, as Diane Davies notes, "[L]inguists argue for a further stage in the language, beginning around 1945 and called 'World English,' reflecting the globalization of English as an international lingua franca," (Davies 2005). Traditional grammar refers to the collection of prescriptive rules and concepts about the structure of language. The use of to be + the present participle of the verb is rare in the early modern English period, and the modern use, indicating immediate present action, is absent. adapting the past tense or past participle to verbs with a different pattern (as in slung after sung, etc. However, the English of 1776 was linguistically by no means the same as that of the present day," (David Denison, "Syntax." Subsequently, writers such as John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, and Joseph Addison, as well as Thomas Sheridan's godfather, Jonathan Swift, were each in turn to call for an English Academy to concern itself with languageâand in particular to constrain what they perceived as the irregularities of usage," (Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, "English at the Onset of the Normative Tradition." A subject noun phrase was virtually obligatory in simple clauses other than imperatives. Keep text black (or dark) for readability. "During the 15th century, a huge amount of change affected English pronunciation, spelling, grammar, and vocabulary, so that Shakespeare would have found Chaucer almost as difficult to read as we do. The number and frequency of prepositions had expanded greatly, and prepositions now served to mark a variety of nominal functions. To search across the OED‘s 3 million quotations by text, author, work title or date use, click on the Quotations tab. Most of early Modern English is the same as Modern English," (David Crystal, Think on My Words: Exploring Shakespeare's Language. Adverbs without the ending –ly were much commoner in this period. Harcourt, 2014). A few common short forms, chiefly doth, hath, continued often to be written, but it seems likely that these were merely graphic conventions. Such views led to a new perspective on multilingualism: those who did not know English should set promptly about learning it!" Linguistics is the scientific study of language. At the start of the period, the normal third person singular ending in standard southern English was –eth. The most recent stage in the evolution of the language … ... "Dozens of comments expressed this wisdom: 'The English tongue has become a rank polyglot, and is spreading over the earth like some hardy plant whose seed is sown by the wind,' as Ralcy Husted Bell wrote in 1909. But between Jacobethan times and today the changes have been very limited. Various alternatives arose, including it (‘it had it head bit off beit (= by it) young’, King Lear) and thereof (‘Sufficient vnto the daye, is the trauayle therof’, Great Bible, 1539); its first appeared in print in the 1590s and was rapidly accepted into the standard language. A Descriptive Grammar of English: Modern English grammar by example - Kindle edition by Rossiter, Andrew.
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